Gross motor skills are big body movements, such as rolling, sitting, crawling and walking. Fine motor skills are small body movements, such as holding toys, using cutlery, scribbling or dressing themselves. Most children learn these skills in the same order, but not always at the same time.
Signs of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) can include difficulty holding a pencil and writing, doing up buttons or shoelaces, and running and jumping. Children with DCD may bump into other people or objects and seem clumsy. DCD does not affect intelligence. If you are worried about how your child moves, see their doctor or paediatrician.
It can be hard to diagnose DCD in children under 5, because movement skills vary a lot at this age. Even if there are early signs, your doctor may not make a diagnosis of DCD until your child is 5 years old. If your child is under 5 and you're concerned about their movement, it's still a good idea to talk with your GP or child and family health nurse. You don't need a GP referral to see an occupational therapist.
Occupational therapy is the main treatment for DCD. Physiotherapy is also important for children with muscle tone and strength problems. For DCD, occupational therapists set goals that matter to each child, practise those goals with the child and work with families on solutions and strategies. Your child's doctor or paediatrician may refer you to an occupational therapist or a physiotherapist.
Play helps children practise hand skills. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne suggests playdough, threading beads, building with Lego and cutting with children's scissors. For outdoor play it suggests climbing at the playground and ball games such as throwing, catching and bouncing. If you are worried, speak with your doctor or child health nurse.
Help for parents in the Australian Capital Territory