ADHD signs fall into two groups: inattention, and hyperactivity or impulsivity. Inattention can look like trouble focusing, forgetting instructions, and moving from one task to another without finishing the last one. Hyperactivity and impulsivity can look like restlessness, trouble staying still, talking a lot, constant fidgeting, and acting without thinking.
One sign is not enough for a diagnosis. A child must have several signs of either inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity, or both, in two or more settings, such as at home and at school. For very young children, attention, concentration and impulse control are still developing. The Royal Children's Hospital says a child may be inattentive, impulsive or hyperactive for other reasons, such as a health condition, emotional problems, learning troubles, hearing issues or poor-quality sleep.
Start by seeing your child's doctor. Only health professionals with special training can diagnose ADHD in children. Paediatricians and psychiatrists who work with children can assess for ADHD. Psychologists can also assess for ADHD, but they cannot prescribe medicine.
There is no single test for ADHD. Health professionals gather information from many sources to get a full picture of your child's behaviour. This can include an interview with you and your child, questionnaires filled in by you and your child's teacher, and a check of your child's physical and mental health. You can still get help even if your child does not get a diagnosis of ADHD.
No, there are two ways to manage ADHD symptoms: with or without medicine. Positive parenting strategies, school support and counselling will help most children with ADHD. A doctor may suggest medicine if ADHD is having a big impact on your child's life. Even when a child takes medicine, it works best when used with other strategies.